What Is a Clinically Meaningful Change in Diabetes Distress? Findings for Diabetes Care and Research From the SFDT1 Cohort
Authors' conclusion
This study provides MCID values for the PAID scale and its sub-dimensions.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D in the SFDT1 cohort; 51.6% female, mean age 41.3 years (SD 14.0), diabetes duration 23.7 years (SD 14.0)
- Participants
- 2,457 adults
- Outcome
- MCID for the PAID scale and its sub-dimensions (standard error of measurement approach); predictors of DD worsening
- Follow-up
- 1 year
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
MCID and 1-year change in diabetes distress (PAID)
- Minimal clinically important differences (MCID) for Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) total
- 5.0 points
- Sub-scale MCID, emotional distress
- 8.5
- Sub-scale MCID, management distress
- 14.3 points
- Clinically meaningful worsening of total diabetes distress (DD)
- 42%
- Improved total DD
- 30%
- Stable total DD
- 28%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Predictors of worsening of total PAID · 1 year
- Worsening of total PAID associated with social vulnerability, HbA1c increase and treatment burden
- Adjusted for baseline DD, age, sex and social vulnerability
Sub-dimension worsening · 1 year
- Emotional distress worsening
- 34%
- Burnout worsening
- 34%
- AID initiation solely associated with lower odds of worsening on the burnout dimension
Original publication
What Is a Clinically Meaningful Change in Diabetes Distress? Findings for Diabetes Care and Research From the SFDT1 Cohort. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 12 June 2026. doi:10.
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