Clinical phenotyping of people living with type 1 diabetes according to their levels of diabetes-related distress: results from the SFDT1 cohort
Authors' conclusion
We provide a holistic clinical phenotyping approach that enables the identification of determinants and prevalence of DD, overall and according to key DD subdimensions, in a large and diverse population. Our results underscore the importance of developing DD-targeted prevention and intervention strategies focused specifically on high-risk groups and the most impactful distress subdimensions to reduce the impact of type 1 diabetes burden.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D from the SFDT1 cohort who completed the Problem Areas in Diabetes questionnaire (PAID ≥40 = high DD); 50.6% female, age 42 years (SD 13.9), diabetes duration 24.7 years (13.6)
- Participants
- 1,220 adults
- Outcome
- Diabetes-related distress (PAID ≥40 indicates high DD)
Methodological detailscohort-based (SFDT1), age and sex-adjusted multivariable logistic regression
- Cohort-based (SFDT1)
- Age and sex-adjusted multivariable logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Diabetes-related distress (PAID)
- Total PAID score, mean (SD)
- 39.6 (21.7)
- High DD (PAID ≥40)
- 592 (48.5%)
- Females, younger age, social vulnerability, smoking and retinopathy positively associated with high DD
- p<0.05
- Anxiety/depression, poor sleep quality and treatment burden strongly associated with DD
- p<0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Leading DD subdimensions, mean (SD)
- Fear of complications
- 50.1 (24.4)
- Diabetes burnout
- 45.9 (24.5)
Original publication
Clinical phenotyping of people living with type 1 diabetes according to their levels of diabetes-related distress: results from the SFDT1 cohort. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. Published 24 February 2025. doi:10.
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