The skeletal muscle mass index is a predictor for all-cause mortality in US adults with type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes
Authors' conclusion
An inverse J-shaped association was observed between the SMI with all-cause mortality in in US adults with T2DM or pre-DM. SMI is a valuable tool for predicting all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM or pre-DM.
Study context
- Population
- US adults with T2D or pre-diabetes, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018
- Participants
- 3,684 adults
- Exposure
- Skeletal muscle mass index and all-cause mortality
- Outcome
- All-cause mortality
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
All-cause mortality per unit increase in SMI below the inflection point
Inflection point, males
9.07 kg/m²
Inflection point, females
7.82 kg/m²
Men: HR per unit SMI increase below inflection point
0.28
≈72% decrease; 95% CI 0.09–0.93
Women: HR per unit SMI increase below threshold
0.40
60% reduction; 95% CI 0.16–0.91
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
SMI–mortality association shape by subgroup
- Reverse J-shaped association in T2D; U-shaped pattern in pre-diabetes
Original publication
The skeletal muscle mass index is a predictor for all-cause mortality in US adults with type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 18 May 2025. doi:10.
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