The Prognostic Value of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors' conclusion
Our meta-analysis confirms the prognostic value of Ki-67, although with varying certainty due to large differences in study quality. Furthermore, we describe the association of PD-L1 positivity with poorer OS, increased recurrence, and more aggressive clinicopathological features
Study context
- Population
- Patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC); studies from Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid) and Cochrane108 studies
- Comparison
- Immunohistochemical biomarkers and prognosis in MTC
- Outcome
- OS
Methodological detailspreregistered, quality assessed with adapted REMARK criteria and Quality in Prognosis Studies tool
- Preregistered
- Quality assessed with adapted REMARK criteria and Quality in Prognosis Studies tool
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Association of biomarkers with OS
Ki-67 associated with overall survival (OS), HR
6.67
CI 1.43–31.18
PD-L1 associated with OS, HR
3.34
CI 1.18–9.51
Further pooled results
Study characteristics
- Unique biomarkers investigated
- 170
- Biomarkers reported in only one article
- 72%
- Studies rated high quality
- 28%
- Sample sizes range (participants)
- 11 to 327
Original publication
The Prognostic Value of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid. Published 6 November 2025. doi:10.
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