Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Sleep Characteristics and Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With Gestational Diabetes
Authors' conclusion
In this cohort study of women with a history of GD, shorter sleep duration and both occasional and regular snoring were significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D. These findings suggest that improving sleep health may be important to reduce T2D incidence in this high-risk population.
Study context
- Population
- Women with a history of gestational diabetes (GD) in the Nurses' Health Study II, followed up through June 2021; mean (SD) age 45.3 (4.4) years
- Participants
- 2,891 women42,155 person-years
- Exposure
- Sleep characteristics and T2D risk
- Outcome
- Physician-diagnosed incident T2D
Methodological detailsNurses' Health Study II, multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, Data analyzed November 2023 to August 2024, Sleep assessed in 2001 questionnaire (June 2001–June 2003) as baseline
- Nurses' Health Study II
- Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models
- Data analyzed November 2023 to August 2024
- Sleep assessed in 2001 questionnaire (June 2001–June 2003) as baseline
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident T2D
Estimate (95% CI)
Occasional snoringvs Rarely snoring
aHR 1.54(1.18–2.02)
Regular snoringvs Rarely snoring
aHR 1.61(1.21–2.13)
≤6 hours per dayvs 7 to 8 hours per day
HR 1.32(1.06–1.64)
- Developed T2D (overall)
- 563 (19.5%)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
T2D risk with ≤6 hours per day sleep and regular snoring (highest risk)
- HR
- 2.06 (1.38-3.07) (95% CI)
Biomarkers with more frequent snoring (LSM, fully adjusted)
- HbA1c LSM
- 5.89 (5.75-6.02) (95% CI)
- C-peptide LSM
- 4.30 (3.70-4.99) (95% CI)
- Insulin LSM
- 11.25 (8.75-14.40) (95% CI)
- P for trend (all)
- P = 0.01
- More frequent snoring associated with higher levels
Original publication
Sleep Characteristics and Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With Gestational Diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. Published 3 March 2025. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →