Shrunken Pore Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes With and Without Albuminuria
Authors' conclusion
Findings highlight the clinical potential of identifying individuals at increased risk of HF, PAD, and all-cause mortality at an early stage among those with T1D without albuminuria by evaluating both eGFRcys and eGFRcr and their discrepancy.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T1D with and without albuminuria, Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane), with both serum creatinine and cystatin C data
- Participants
- 3,769 individuals
- Exposure
- Shrunken pore syndrome (SPS) vs no SPS, by albuminuria status
- Outcome
- HF, PAD and all-cause mortality without albuminuria
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
SPS vs No SPSHazard ratio (95% CI)
HF, without albuminuria
3.07(1.47–6.38)
PAD, without albuminuria
3.64(1.75–7.57)
All-cause mortality, without albuminuria
3.08(1.86–5.11)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| HF with albuminuriaSPS associated only with HF with albuminuria | 1.54 (1.02–2.33) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
eGFRcys/eGFRcr ratio (continuous), eGFRcys, eGFRcr
- Without albuminuria: continuous ratio and eGFRcys alone significantly associated with heart failure (HF), peripheral artery disease (PAD) and all-cause mortality
- With albuminuria: continuous ratio not associated with any outcome; eGFRcys and eGFRcr each independently associated with all outcomes
Original publication
Shrunken Pore Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes With and Without Albuminuria. Diabetes Care. Published 17 March 2026. doi:10.
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