Sex-Based Disparities in In-Hospital Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With Hyperthyroidism: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis (2016-2022)
Main finding · In-hospital mortalityResult — go to the resultAdjusted odds ratio 1.82 95% CI 1.16–2.86Authors' conclusion
In this nationally representative cohort, men with hyperthyroidism had 2-fold higher in-hospital mortality and a greater burden of severe cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory complications despite lower odds of thyroid storm.
Study context
- Population
- Adult hospitalizations with a principal hyperthyroidism diagnosis (E05.xx), excluding thyroid cancer, US National Inpatient Sample 2016–2022
- Participants
- 58,150 weighted hospitalizations
- Exposure
- Male vs female sex
- Outcome
- In-hospital mortality
Methodological detailsNational Inpatient Sample, multivariable regression, propensity-score IPTW sensitivity analysis
- National Inpatient Sample
- Multivariable regression
- Propensity-score IPTW sensitivity analysis
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Adjusted odds ratio
1.82
95% CI 1.16–2.86
Malevs Female
aOR 1.82 (95% CI 1.16–2.86)
- Propensity-score IPTW sensitivity analysis confirmed higher mortality in males vs females
- aOR 1.95, 95% CI 1.23-3.11
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Estimate |
|---|---|
| Total chargesMultivariable adjustment | difference +$5,121 |
| In-hospital complications (male vs female)Male vs Female | aOR, AF 2.08 |
| In-hospital complications (male vs female)Male vs Female | aOR, acute kidney injury 1.67 |
| In-hospital complications (male vs female)Male vs Female | aOR, respiratory failure 1.25 |
| In-hospital complications (male vs female)Male vs Female | aOR, mechanical ventilation 1.40 |
| In-hospital complications (male vs female)Male vs Female | aOR, cardiac arrest 1.72 |
| In-hospital complications (male vs female)Male vs Female | aOR, pericardial tamponade 2.87 |
| In-hospital complications (male vs female)Male vs Female · lower odds | aOR, thyroid storm 0.89 |
Baseline comorbidity
- Men had higher comorbidity burden: Charlson index ≥5, men vs women
- 16.8% vs 10.4%
- Men had higher prevalences of AF and coronary artery disease (all P < .001)
Trends 2016–2022
- Male excess mortality persisted across all years, with progressively widening disparities in total charges and acute kidney injury
Original publication
Sex-Based Disparities in In-Hospital Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With Hyperthyroidism: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis (2016-2022). Endocr Pract. Published 21 September 2026. doi:10.
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