Sensor‐Detected Hypoglycaemia Is Associated With Inflammatory Protein and Immune Cell Alterations in People With Diabetes: Findings From the Hypo‐ METRICS Study
Authors' conclusion
Exposure to real-life hypoglycaemia is associated with immune alterations in people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, including increased levels of circulating inflammatory proteins in both diabetes types and reduced monocyte function and immune cell counts, particularly in Type 1 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- People with T1D or insulin-treated T2D wearing blinded glucose sensors for 10 weeks
- Participants
- 177 vs 185
- Exposure
- Association of sensor-detected hypoglycaemia (SDH) with immune parameters in T1D and insulin-treated T2D
- Type 1 diabetesn = 177
- Type 2 diabetesn = 185
- Outcome
- Association of SDH frequency, SDH duration and TBR with circulating inflammatory proteins, ex vivo monocyte function and circulating immune cell counts
- Follow-up
- 10 weeks
Methodological detailsmulti-center, blinded glucose sensors, Inflammatory proteins measured in T1D n = 177, T2D n = 185; monocyte function in T1D n = 59, T2D n = 90; immune cell counts in T1D n = 29, T2D n = 87
- Multi-center
- Blinded glucose sensors
- Inflammatory proteins measured in T1D n = 177, T2D n = 185; monocyte function in T1D n = 59, T2D n = 90; immune cell counts in T1D n = 29, T2D n = 87
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Association of SDH metrics with immune parameters
- Four circulating inflammatory proteins (CCL28, CX3CL1, IL-17A, IL-17C) positively associated with SDH frequency, SDH duration and time below range (TBR) in both groups
- all p < 0.05
- In T1D, pro-inflammatory monocyte responses to pathogenic stimuli inversely associated with SDH frequency, SDH duration and TBR, particularly Pam3Cys-induced IL-6 production
- all p < 0.05
- In T1D, SDH frequency and TBR inversely associated with total circulating immune cell, neutrophil and monocyte counts
- all p < 0.05
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Sensor‐Detected Hypoglycaemia Is Associated With Inflammatory Protein and Immune Cell Alterations in People With Diabetes: Findings From the Hypo‐ METRICS Study. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 17 September 2026. doi:10.
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