Risk of Urogenital Infections in People With Type 2 Diabetes Initiating SGLT2is Versus GLP-1RAs in Routine Clinical Care: A Danish Cohort Study
Main finding · UTIResult — go to the resultRisk ratio 0.98 95% CI 0.94–1.03Authors' conclusion
In routine clinical care, SGLT2i initiation is not associated with increased risk of UTI compared with GLP-1RA initiation. However, early GTI risk is up to threefold larger in SGLT2i users.
Study context
- Population
- Adult metformin users with T2D initiating SGLT2is or GLP-1RAs in Denmark, 2016–2021median follow-up 2.9 to 3.9 years
- Participants
- 52,414 vs 27,023
- Exposure
- SGLT2i vs GLP-1 RA initiation
- SGLT2in = 52,414
- GLP-1RAn = 27,023reference
- Outcome
- Community- or hospital-treated urinary tract infections (UTI) and genital tract infections (GTI) (inverse-probability of treatment (IPT)-weighted risk and risk ratios)
Methodological detailsinverse-probability of treatment weighting, nationwide (Denmark)
- Inverse-probability of treatment weighting
- Nationwide (Denmark)
Main finding
UTI · 1 year
Risk ratio
0.98
95% CI 0.94–1.03
By group
SGLT2isvs GLP-1RAs
risk ratio 0.98 (95% CI 0.94–1.03)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Risk ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| UTI · 5 yearsSGLT2isvs GLP-1RAs | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) | |
| 0.512Risk ratio (log scale) |
Safety
| Outcome | SGLT2is | GLP-1RAs | Risk ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GTI · 1 year | 2.0% | 0.7% | 2.95 (2.52–3.44) | |
| GTI · 5 years | 1.64 (1.49–1.80) | |||
| 0.20.5125Risk ratio (log scale) |
Original publication
Risk of Urogenital Infections in People With Type 2 Diabetes Initiating SGLT2is Versus GLP-1RAs in Routine Clinical Care: A Danish Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. Published 2 April 2025. doi:10.
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