Risk of Phimosis Associated With SGLT2i Versus GLP-1RA: A Danish Cohort Study
Main finding · PhimosisResult — go to the resultRelative risk 1.88 95% CI 1.43–2.47Authors' conclusion
SGLT2i use was associated with a nearly twofold increased phimosis risk 1 year after treatment initiation in men with type 2 diabetes, compared with GLP-1RA use. Over 8 years of follow-up, the risk remained elevated, indicating a persistently higher risk associated with SGLT2i use.
Study context
- Population
- Adult male metformin users with T2D in Denmark initiating SGLT2i or GLP-1RA, 2016–2021median follow-up 4 years
- Participants
- 32,486 vs 14,793
- Exposure
- SGLT2i vs GLP-1 RA initiation
- SGLT2in = 32,486
- GLP-1RAn = 14,793reference
- Outcome
- Risk of phimosis
Methodological detailsactive-comparator new-user design, target trial emulation, inverse probability of treatment weighting
- Active-comparator new-user design
- Target trial emulation
- Inverse probability of treatment weighting
Main finding
Phimosis · 1 year
Relative risk
1.88
95% CI 1.43–2.47
By group
SGLT2ivs GLP-1RA
RR 1.88 (95% CI 1.43–2.47)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | SGLT2i | GLP-1RA | RR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phimosis · 8 yearsWeighted intention-to-treat | 4.8% | 3.6% | 1.36 (1.14–1.61) | |
| 0.512Relative risk (log scale) |
Original publication
Risk of Phimosis Associated With SGLT2i Versus GLP-1RA: A Danish Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. Published 30 July 2025. doi:10.
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