Trends in utilization of glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists, sodium–glucose cotransporter‑2 inhibitors, and metabolic bariatric surgery in U.S. adults with diabetes and obesity
Authors' conclusion
Initiation of GLP-1RAs and SGLT2is, but not MBS utilization, has expanded in recent years, although adherence and persistence remain low.
Study context
- Population
- US private and Medicare Advantage enrollees aged 18–79 with T2D and obesity initiating GLP-1RAs or SGLT2is or undergoing MBS (2010–2024)342,932 treatment initiations
- Participants
- 335,605 participants
- Exposure
- GLP-1 RA vs SGLT2i vs MBS initiation
- Outcome
- Trends in utilization: initiation, adherence (≥80% of days with medication) and persistence
Methodological detailselectronic health record and claims data, Optum Labs Data Warehouse
- Electronic health record and claims data
- Optum Labs Data Warehouse
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Share of treatment initiations · 2010-2024
- GLP-1RA initiations increased over time
- 1,988 to 44,852
- SGLT2i initiations increased over time
- 861 to 19,892
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | GLP-1RAs | SGLT2is |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment durationMedian, days | 240 | 254 |
| Using initiated treatment · one-year | 53.0% | 56.0% |
- Treatment duration — Adherent
- ∼50%
Most initiated GLP-1RAs and MBS share · 2024
- Semaglutide
- 62.2%
- Tirzepatide
- 32.6%
- MBS (of treatments)
- 0.7%
Treatment duration
- Tirzepatide had the highest adherence and persistence
Using initiated treatment · one-year
- Transition to other therapies was uncommon
Original publication
Trends in utilization of glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists, sodium–glucose cotransporter‑2 inhibitors, and metabolic bariatric surgery in U.S. adults with diabetes and obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 20 August 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →