Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, MASLD and Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
An erratum to this article was published (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 21 Jan 2026 ↗)
Authors' conclusion
Cardiometabolic disease may be increased in PCOS patients with a disease phenotype-specific pattern.
Study context
- Population
- Women in UK Biobank with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and matched controls; median age 61 years, BMI 28.4 kg/m²matched cohort
- Participants
- 1,008 vs 5,017
- Exposure
- PCOS vs matched controls
- PCOSn = 1,008
- Controlsn = 5,017reference
- Outcome
- Incident T2D and all-cause cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Methodological detailsUK Biobank, age- and BMI-matched controls (5:1 ratio), adjusted Cox proportional hazard modeling
- UK Biobank
- Age- and BMI-matched controls (5:1 ratio)
- Adjusted Cox proportional hazard modeling
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Each group vs controlsEstimate (95% CI)
PCOS
HR (incident T2D) 1.47(1.11–1.95)
PCOS
HR (all-cause CVD) 1.76(1.35–2.30)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Hepatic steatosis on liver MRI (proton density fat fraction >5.5%)
P = 0.02
Fibroinflammation (corrected T1)
P = <.01
| Outcome | HR (CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Incident all-cause CVD by phenotypeNormoandrogenic PCOSvs ControlsNot seen in hyperandrogenic PCOS | 1.82 (1.29–2.56) | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Cardiac and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- No between-group difference for cardiac (biventricular/atrial structure and function) or brain (grey and white matter volumes) imaging
Hepatic steatosis and fibroinflammation by phenotype
- Hyperandrogenic (but not normoandrogenic) PCOS more likely to have hepatic steatosis
- P = 0.03
- Hyperandrogenic PCOS greater fibroinflammation
- P = <.01
- Three-way values printed (8.96 vs 6.04 vs 5.23%; 776.3 vs 707.7 vs 701.9 ms) without stated group order
Original publication
Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, MASLD and Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 11 July 2024. doi:10.
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