Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A 27-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors' conclusion
Children, adolescents, and young adults with HT have an increased risk of developing thyroid nodules and cancer.
Study context
- Population
- Children, adolescents and young adults with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) regularly followed in nine Italian pediatric endocrinology centers (825 females, 225 males); median follow-up 5.8 years (range: 0.6–27.6 years)
- Participants
- 1,050 children
- Exposure
- Pediatric HT vs matched control population
- HTn = 1,050
- Outcome
- Prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer
Methodological detailsmulticentre, nine Italian pediatric endocrinology centers
- Multicentre
- Nine Italian pediatric endocrinology centers
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
median follow-up 5.8 years (range: 0.6-27.6 years)
- Nodules detected
- 245
- Prevalence of thyroid nodules
- 23.3%
- Prevalence of thyroid nodules, matched control population
- 4.7%
- Prevalence of thyroid cancer (10 malignant nodules: 8 papillary, 2 papillary follicular variants)
- 0.95%
- Prevalence of thyroid cancer, control population
- 0.37%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Predictors of new nodules and thyroid cancer
- Severity of US hypoechogenicity, thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and serum FT4 at diagnosis predicted development of new nodules
- Positive correlation between TPOAb and development of thyroid cancer
Original publication
Risk of Thyroid Cancer in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A 27-Year Follow-Up Study. Horm Res Paediatr. Published 19 June 2026. doi:10.
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