Retinopathy prevalence, incidence and trajectories in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle diabetes study phase II
Authors' conclusion
The low incidence of at least moderate NPDR reflects the trajectory analysis. The currently recommended biennial retinal screening frequency for individuals without DR could potentially be extended.
Study context
- Population
- Participants with T2D in Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II, recruited 2008–2011, with gradable baseline retinal photographs; mean age 65.6 years, 52.1% males, median diabetes duration 9.0 years
- Participants
- 1,521 participants
- Outcome
- DR prevalence at baseline and cumulative incidence of moderate NPDR or worse in those without baseline DR
- Follow-up
- Up to 6 years
Methodological detailscommunity-based, biennial assessments, group-based trajectory modelling
- Community-based
- Biennial assessments
- Group-based trajectory modelling
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
DR prevalence and incidence
Baseline diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence
563
37.0%
Without baseline DR who developed at least moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR) (median 6.1 years follow-up)
23
3.2%
Crude incidence of at least moderate NPDR
6.1/1000 person-years
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Predictor of incident moderate NPDR or worse: HbA1c per 1% (11 mmol/mol) increase
- OR (95% CI), HbA1c sole independent predictor
- 1.62 [1.30-2.02]
DR trajectory groups
- Baseline/persistent DR
- 20%
- Remaining DR free
- 80%
- Longer diabetes duration, insulin use, higher mean HbA1c, systolic BP and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio increased odds of persistent DR trajectory
- P ≤ 0.014
Original publication
Retinopathy prevalence, incidence and trajectories in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle diabetes study phase II. Diabet Med. Published 30 December 2022. doi:10.
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