Relative maternal protection against type 1 diabetes: A combined analysis of 5 observational studies
Pooled result · Individuals with T1D with an affected mother vs fatherResult — go to the resultOdds ratio 0.55 95% CI 0.48–0.64Authors' conclusion
Our analyses suggest intrauterine exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes is associated with long-lasting relative protection against offspring type 1 diabetes, which is independent of genetic susceptibility as measured by T1D-GRS2.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T1D diagnosed aged 0 to 88 years with an affected parent, 5 observational studies
- Participants
- 11,475 individuals5 observational studies
- Comparison
- Affected mother vs affected father
- Outcome
- Proportion of individuals with T1D with affected mothers vs fathers
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Individuals with T1D with an affected mother vs father
Odds ratio
0.55
95% CI 0.48–0.64
P < 0.0001
Affected mothervs Affected father
OR 0.55 (95% CI 0.48–0.64); P < 0.0001
Further pooled results
| Outcome | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Affected mothervs father, individuals diagnosed as adults (>18 years) | 0.63 (0.43–0.91) | P = 0.01 | |
| Affected mothervs father, maternal diagnosis preceding offspring birth | 0.51 (0.37–0.70) | P < 0.001 | |
| Affected mothervs father, parental diagnosis after offspring birth | 0.97 (0.69–1.38) | P = 0.87 | |
| 0.20.5125Odds ratio (log scale) |
| Outcome | P value |
|---|---|
| T1D-GRS2 | P = 0.25 |
T1D-GRS2
- T1D-GRS2 similar between individuals with affected mothers and fathers
Original publication
Relative maternal protection against type 1 diabetes: A combined analysis of 5 observational studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 10 March 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →