Autoantibody screening in children who are first-degree relatives of individuals with type 1 diabetes in a sibling-dominant cohort in Turkey: a multicentre study on prevalence, determinants and post-screening parent–child anxiety
Authors' conclusion
The ZnT8A predominance in early childhood and the independent association of gestational age with autoantibody positivity support integrating age and perinatal history into presymptomatic risk stratification.
Study context
- Population
- First-degree relatives (FDRs) aged 2–18 years of individuals with T1D, nine paediatric endocrinology centres in Turkey; affected relative: sister, brother, mother, fatherFDRs aged 2–18 years · sister 206 · brother 204 · mother 22 · father 13
- Participants
- 440 participants
- Outcome
- Prevalence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies (ZnT8A, GADA, IAA, IA-2A by ELISA)
Methodological detailsmulticentre
- Multicentre
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Autoantibody-positive
16.4%
72/440
Multiple autoantibodies
13 individuals
3.0%
ZnT8A (most common autoantibody)
11.4%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Age, ZnT8A-positive vs ZnT8A-negative
P = 0.002
| Outcome | Adjusted OR per week (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Autoantibody positivity by gestational age | 0.80 (0.68–0.93) | P = 0.005 | |
| Autoantibody positivity by gestational age, after exclusion of participants with an affected motherAfter exclusion of participants with an affected mother | 0.71 (0.59–0.85) | P < 0.001 | |
| 0.512Adjusted OR per week (log scale) |
Multiple autoantibodies
- Multiple autoantibodies detected
- 13 individuals (3.0%)
ZnT8A positivity
- ZnT8A was the most common autoantibody
- 11.4%
- ZnT8A-positive among autoantibody-positive children aged 2-6 years
- 82%
Child anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED)) after disclosure, 8-18-year-olds · before screening to immediately after disclosure
- SCARED scores increased in autoantibody-positive children (d=1.31; p<0.001)
- SCARED scores decreased in autoantibody-negative children (d=0.62; p<0.001)
Parental anxiety (STAI-I/II) after disclosure · before screening to immediately after disclosure
- Parental state anxiety increased after positive results (p<0.001)
- d=2.19
- Parental trait anxiety increased after positive results (p=0.001)
- d=0.69
- Parental anxiety decreased after negative results (p<0.001)
Original publication
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