Relationship between intra-individual variability in nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors and blood glucose outcomes under free-living conditions in adults without type 2 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
Intra-individual variations in nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors, especially morning and evening body weight, and food intake, were associated with mean blood glucose levels, and a long sedentary time and total sleep time were associated with glucose variability. Earlier dinner times and shorter eating windows per day resulted in better glucose control.
Study context
- Population
- Adults without T2D
- Participants
- 104 adults
- Outcome
- Relationship between intra-individual day-to-day variability in nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors (meal timing, eating window, food intake, movement behaviors, sleep, body weight) and glycemic outcomes
- Follow-up
- 7 days
Methodological detailsfree-living conditions, 7-day measurement period, linear mixed-effects model, Food intake by mobile health app; movement and sleep by tri-axial accelerometer; meal timing from daily life record; continuous glucose monitoring
- Free-living conditions
- 7-day measurement period
- Linear mixed-effects model
- Food intake by mobile health app; movement and sleep by tri-axial accelerometer; meal timing from daily life record; continuous glucose monitoring
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Glucose outcomes:
- Mean
- SD
- Maximum blood glucose
- Dinner time positively associated with mean blood glucose
- p = 0.003
- Eating window positively associated with mean blood glucose
- p = 0.001
- Dinner time and eating window positively associated with blood glucose SD
- both at p < 0.001
- Dinner time and eating window positively associated with maximum blood glucose
- both at p < 0.001
- Breakfast time negatively associated with glucose outcomes
- p < 0.01
- Sedentary time positively associated with blood glucose SD
- p = 0.040
- Total sleep time negatively associated with blood glucose SD
- p = 0.035
- Total sleep time negatively associated with maximum blood glucose
- p = 0.032
- Total daily energy intake positively associated with mean blood glucose
- p = 0.001
- Carbohydrate intake positively associated with mean blood glucose
- p < 0.001
- Body weight positively associated with mean blood glucose
- p < 0.05
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Relationship between intra-individual variability in nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors and blood glucose outcomes under free-living conditions in adults without type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 21 December 2022. doi:10.
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