Protective effects of 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination against mortality among elder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Main finding · All-cause mortalityResult — go to the resultAdjusted hazard ratio 0.47 95% CI 0.42–0.53Authors' conclusion
PPSV23 vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease-related mortality, pneumonia-related mortality and cancer mortality in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Study context
- Population
- Elderly people with T2D in Soochow, China
- Participants
- 8,649 people
- Exposure
- Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) vaccination vs unvaccinated
- PPSV23n = 3,247
- Unvaccinatedn = 5,402reference
- Outcome
- All-cause mortality
Methodological detailsCox proportional hazards, inverse probability weighting
- Cox proportional hazards
- Inverse probability weighting
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Adjusted hazard ratio
0.47
95% CI 0.42–0.53
PPSV23vs Unvaccinated
aHR 0.47 (95% CI 0.42–0.53)
- Deaths recorded during follow-up (total)
- 1557
- All-cause deaths preventable by universal PPSV23 vaccination (inverse probability weighting (IPW) average treatment effect (ATE)), p < 0.001
- 11.4%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | aHR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| CVD-related mortality | 0.50 (0.41–0.62) | |
| Pneumonia-related mortality | 0.62 (0.43–0.89) | |
| Cancer mortality | 0.54 (0.42–0.70) | |
| 0.512Adjusted hazard ratio (log scale) |
- CVD-related mortality — CVD-related deaths preventable (IPW ATE), p < 0.001
- 4.0%
- Pneumonia-related mortality — Pneumonia-related deaths preventable (IPW ATE), p = 0.005
- 0.8%
- Cancer mortality — Cancer deaths preventable (IPW ATE), p < 0.001
- 1.9%
Original publication
Protective effects of 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination against mortality among elder patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. Published 30 April 2026. doi:10.
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