Social determinants of health and recommended A1C monitoring among women with postpartum-onset diabetes: results from a retrospective cohort
Authors' conclusion
Few women with postpartum-onset diabetes met A1C monitoring guidelines, suggesting a need to improve routine diabetes monitoring, particularly among Black women. The finding of an advantage in testing among people insured by Medicaid is promising. Additional research should explore mechanisms through which Medicaid insurance and other structural interventions may improve access to and engagement in routine diabetes care.
Study context
- Population
- Women who delivered in New York City 2009–2016 and experienced postpartum-onset diabetes
- Participants
- 5,590 women
- Exposure
- Social determinants of health (SDOH) and A1C follow-up testing
- Outcome
- Time to first follow-up A1C test and rate of A1C testing
Methodological detailspopulation-based
- Population-based
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
over 3 years (rate)
Estimate (95% CI)
Non-Hispanic Blackvs Non-Hispanic Whitelater first test in Black women
aHR (first follow-up test) 0.90(0.80–1.00)
Non-Hispanic Blackvs Non-Hispanic White
aRR (rate of testing over 3 years) 0.92(0.84–0.99)
Medicaidvs Private or other insurance
aHR (earlier first follow-up test) 1.14(1.06–1.22)
Medicaidvs Private or other insurance
aRR (rate of testing) 1.09(1.03–1.15)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Received all biannual recommended follow-up tests · over the study period
- Women receiving all biannual recommended follow-up tests
- 13.0%
Original publication
Social determinants of health and recommended A1C monitoring among women with postpartum-onset diabetes: results from a retrospective cohort. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. Published 30 April 2026. doi:10.
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