Precocious Puberty and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders: A Nationwide Cohort Study Using Prospective Registry Data
Authors' conclusion
Our large register-based cohort study highlights a markedly increased risk of psychiatric disorders among individuals with precocious puberty.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with precocious puberty in the National Danish Patient Registry, January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2020; 11% boysmatched cohort
- Participants
- 9,315 vs 46,566
- Exposure
- Precocious puberty vs matched referents
- Precocious pubertyn = 9,315
- Referentsn = 46,566reference
- Outcome
- Incident psychiatric disorders
- Follow-up
- Average 7.9 years
Methodological detailsmatched cohort, prospective registry data, matched 1:5 on age, sex and calendar time
- Matched cohort
- Prospective registry data
- Matched 1:5 on age, sex and calendar time
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Precocious puberty vs ReferentsHazard ratio (95% CI)
ADHD
1.58(1.36–1.84)
Anxiety
1.60(1.48–1.74)
Autism
1.94(1.67–2.25)
Depression
1.41(1.29–1.53)
Eating disorders
1.23(1.03–1.47)
Schizophrenia
1.72(1.40–2.10)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Stratified by sex
- Similar results when stratified by sex, with greatest effect size among boys
Central precocious puberty subgroup
- Associations even stronger among individuals with central precocious puberty
Original publication
Precocious Puberty and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders: A Nationwide Cohort Study Using Prospective Registry Data. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 14 October 2025. doi:10.
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