Central Precocious Puberty and Psychiatric Disorders
Main finding · Any mental disorderResult — go to the resultAdjusted relative risk 1.48 95% CI 1.31–1.67Authors' conclusion
In this retrospective cohort study of patients with CPP, CPP was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, with evidence supporting long-term mental health outcomes, suggesting that caretakers of children with CPP should be vigilant for the emergence of psychiatric symptoms to initiate psychiatric care at an early stage.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with central precocious puberty (CPP) and matched controls from German health insurance data (≈6.5 million individuals), followed January 2010 to June 2023, ≥2 years continuous coverage; 91.3% female
- Participants
- 1,094 vs 5,448
- Exposure
- Idiopathic CPP vs matched controls
- CPPn = 1,094
- Controlsn = 5,448reference
- Outcome
- Diagnosis of depression, anxiety disorders, ODD/CD and ADHD
Methodological detailsmatched controls (sex, birth year interval, insurance period, obesity), German health insurance data, Data analyzed July 2024 to March 2025
- Matched controls (sex, birth year interval, insurance period, obesity)
- German health insurance data
- Data analyzed July 2024 to March 2025
Main finding
Any mental disorder
Adjusted relative risk
1.48
95% CI 1.31–1.67
Events by group
CPPvs Controls
aRR 1.48 (95% CI 1.31–1.67)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | CPP | Controls | aRR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | 7.5% | 4.6% | 1.73 (1.37–2.20) | |
| Anxiety disorders | 8.0% | 5.7% | 1.45 (1.16–1.82) | |
| ODD/CD | 8.0% | 4.5% | 1.76 (1.39–2.23) | |
| ADHD | 11.2% | 7.3% | 1.53 (1.27–1.86) | |
| 0.512Adjusted relative risk (log scale) |
Depression
- Incidence rates remained increased for at least 8 years after initial CPP diagnosis
ODD/CD
- Increased incidence rates even before CPP diagnosis
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Incidence rates remained increased for at least 8 years after initial CPP diagnosis
Original publication
Central Precocious Puberty and Psychiatric Disorders. JAMA Netw Open. Published 2 June 2025. doi:10.
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