Physical Activity Is Associated With Improved Glycemic Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: 4T Exercise Program
Authors' conclusion
In the 24 h following physical activity as compared with sedentary days, TIR improved, TAR was lower, and TBR remained within clinical target recommendations. For youth with new-onset type 1 diabetes, each structured exercise education session was associated with a further 0.79% increase in TIR.
Study context
- Population
- Newly diagnosed youth with T1D started on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and activity tracker ≈1 month postdiagnosis; median (IQR) age 13 (12–15) years, 45% female, 44% non-Hispanic Whitecompleted the study
- Participants
- 98 participants
- Exposure
- Days with ≥10 min vigorous-intensity physical activity vs sedentary days
- Outcome
- Changes in glucose outcomes (time in range (TIR), TAR, TBR) following physical activity
- Follow-up
- 24 h following physical activity
Methodological detailsCGM and physical activity tracker, optional structured exercise education sessions
- CGM and physical activity tracker
- Optional structured exercise education sessions
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Glucose outcomes vs sedentary days
Vigorous activity days vs Sedentary daysEstimate (CI)P value
Glucose outcomesvs sedentary days
increase in TIR 2.3 %(1.4–3.2)
P < 0.001Glucose outcomesvs sedentary days
increase in TBR 0.8 %(0.6–0.9)
P < 0.001- Lower time above range (TAR) with vigorous activity days
- decrease in TAR 3.1 % (CI 2.2–4.0); P < 0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Change in step count · 1-3 months to 10-12 months postdiagnosis
- Median (IQR) increase in step count, steps per day (P < 0.001)
- 1,134 (445-1,519)
Change in daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity · 1-3 months to 10-12 months postdiagnosis
- Increase in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, min per day (P < 0.001)
- 11 (2-23)
Safety
Time below range (TBR) (hypoglycaemia exposure) · 24 h following physical activity
- Increase in TBR vs sedentary days (P < 0.001)
- 0.8% (0.6-0.9%)
Original publication
Physical Activity Is Associated With Improved Glycemic Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: 4T Exercise Program. Diabetes Care. Published 1 July 2025. doi:10.
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