Phenotype-based clusters, inflammation and cardiometabolic complications in older people before the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: KORA F4/FF4 cohort study
Main finding · T2D riskResult — go to the resultOdds ratio between 3.6 and 34.0Authors' conclusion
Our findings extend the knowledge about the previously identified six phenotype-based clusters in older people without T2D. Differences between clusters were more pronounced for T2D risk than for prevalent or incident (pre)diabetes-related complications and absent for mortality. The high cardiometabolic risk corresponded to the high inflammatory load in cluster 5 but not to the lower inflammatory load of high-risk clusters 3 and 6.
Study context
- Population
- KORA F4 participants aged 61–82 years without T2D
- Participants
- 843 participants
- Exposure
- Six previously defined phenotype-based clusters
- Outcome
- T2D risk
Methodological detailspopulation-based (KORA F4/FF4), cross-sectional and prospective analyses
- Population-based (KORA F4/FF4)
- Cross-sectional and prospective analyses
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Odds ratio
between 3.6 and 34.0
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD), distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) and CVD (cross-sectional)
- Significant between-cluster differences in CKD, DSPN and CVD
- all p < 0.045
Incident CKD, DSPN, CVD and all-cause mortality · mean follow-up 6.5-8.3 years
- Clusters differed significantly in CKD and DSPN incidence, not in incident CVD or all-cause mortality
Inflammatory load
- Highest in high-risk cluster 5, lowest in cluster 2; adjustment for it had only a minor impact on between-cluster outcome differences
Original publication
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