Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Novel amino acid and fatty acid signatures linked to type 2 diabetes risk after gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors' conclusion
Levels of amino acid and fatty acid metabolomic signatures in pregnancy may help identify individuals at an elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes after GDM-complicated pregnancy
Study context
- Population
- Hispanic women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), followed from 3rd trimester of index pregnancy to 12 years post-delivery
- Participants
- 101 women
- Outcome
- T2D incidence (fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2-hour glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL)
- Follow-up
- Up to 12 years post-delivery
Methodological detailsuntargeted metabolomics, metabolome-wide association analysis, Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates, Mummichog pathway enrichment analysis, OGTT and intravenous glucose tolerance tests every 12-15 months
- Untargeted metabolomics
- Metabolome-wide association analysis
- Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates
- Mummichog pathway enrichment analysis
- OGTT and intravenous glucose tolerance tests every 12-15 months
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
up to 12 years
- Developed diabetes
- 52 of 101
- Amino acid and fatty acid metabolic pathways associated with T2D risk (pathway enrichment p-values < 0.05)
- nine
- Higher agmatine, hydroxyproline/5-aminolevulinate and lower threonine/homoserine, 25-hydroxycholesterol, FA12:0 (laurate), FA20:0 (arachidic acid), FA20:3 (homolinoleic acid), FA18:3 n-3 or n-6 (linolenic acid) in 3rd trimester associated with higher hazard of T2D (all p-values < 0.05)
- 12%-60%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Novel amino acid and fatty acid signatures linked to type 2 diabetes risk after gestational diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol. Published 3 April 2026. doi:10.
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