Multiple 24-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretions and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence
Main finding · T2D risk by sodium excretion quartileResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 2.66 95% CI 1.57–4.51Authors' conclusion
Higher sodium intake and a higher sodium-to-potassium ratio were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Adults without major chronic diseases from three prospective cohorts; mean age 62.2 ± 10.0 years, 69% women161 incident diabetes
- Participants
- 3,173 adults
- Exposure
- Highest vs lowest quartile of 24-h urinary sodium excretion
- Outcome
- Incident T2D
- Follow-up
- Median 13.6 years
Methodological detailspooled analysis of three prospective cohorts, multiple 24-h urine collections per participant, Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for major confounders incl. total energy intake and BMI
- Pooled analysis of three prospective cohorts
- Multiple 24-h urine collections per participant
- Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for major confounders incl. total energy intake and BMI
Main finding
T2D risk by sodium excretion quartile
Hazard ratio
2.66
95% CI 1.57–4.51
Highest quartilevs Lowest quartile
HR 2.66 (95% CI 1.57–4.51)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
T2D risk per 1,000 mg/day increase in sodium excretion
- HR per 1,000 mg/day sodium increase (32% higher risk), 95% CI 1.16-1.52
- 1.32
T2D risk by potassium excretion
- Potassium excretion not associated with diabetes risk; HR, 95% CI 0.69-1.11
- 0.87
T2D risk per unit increase in sodium-to-potassium ratio
- 26% higher risk of diabetes per unit increase, 95% CI 1.10-1.45
Original publication
Multiple 24-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretions and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence. Diabetes Care. Published 15 July 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →