Mediterranean diet adherence among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Insights into dietary patterns, glycemic control, and gender differences
Authors' conclusion
CGM use is associated with healthier dietary patterns, and reduced fast-food consumption is associated with better glycemic control. Gender disparities in diet and metabolic outcomes highlight the need for personalized, gender-sensitive nutritional strategies.
Study context
- Population
- Adolescents aged 15–19 years with T1D (45 % female)
- Participants
- 283 adolescents
- Outcome
- MD adherence (KIDMED questionnaire)
Methodological detailsMD adherence by KIDMED questionnaire; clinical data from medical records
- MD adherence by KIDMED questionnaire; clinical data from medical records
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
MD adherence (KIDMED)
Overall MD adherence moderate; median KIDMED score
5.0
High adherence
19.1 %
Low adherence
26.9 %
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Higher MD adherence associated with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use (independent)
- β
- 0.195 (95 % CI 0.13-2.18; p = 0.027)
Factors associated with HbA1c ≤ 7.0 % (≤53 mmol/mol)
- CGM use: OR
- 2.49 (95 % CI 1.26-4.93; p = 0.009)
- Infrequent fast food: OR
- 2.03 (95 % CI 1.03-4.00; p = 0.042)
Females vs males: higher MD adherence
- Higher vegetable consumption: OR
- 2.17 (95 % CI 1.26-3.72; p = 0.005)
- Fast-food restaurant visits: OR
- 0.56 (95 % CI 0.32-0.99; p = 0.047)
- Higher BMI z-scores: OR
- 1.49 (95 % CI 1.12-1.98; p = 0.007)
Original publication
Mediterranean diet adherence among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Insights into dietary patterns, glycemic control, and gender differences. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 2 August 2025. doi:10.
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