Dietary Patterns for Weight and Glycemic Management in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors' conclusion
Randomized trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of specific diets and determine whether precision nutrition therapies optimize glycemia and weight in persons with type 1 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Youth and/or adults with T1D diagnosed ≥6 months prior; clinical trials ≥4 weeks with ≥10 participants reporting HbA1c or weight
- Participants
- 668 adults12 studies
- Comparison
- Dietary patterns for glycemic and weight management
- Outcome
- HbA1c and weight
Methodological detailsrandom-effects models, Synthesis without meta-analysis
- Random-effects models
- Synthesis without meta-analysis
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
- No advantage of any particular diet pattern in randomized trials (very low to moderate certainty evidence)
Further pooled results
HbA1c change over time, single-arm low carbohydrate trials
- Improved HbA1c over time (very low-quality evidence), %
- −0.63% (−0.99 to −0.27) (95% CI)
- Improved HbA1c over time, mmol/mol
- −6.0 mmol/mol (−10.8 to −3.0)
Between-person heterogeneity
- Wide pooled CIs suggested between-person heterogeneity; stratification by participant characteristics rarely performed
Original publication
Dietary Patterns for Weight and Glycemic Management in Persons With Type 1 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 7 August 2025. doi:10.
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