Low Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Long COVID Syndrome in COVID-19 Survivors
Authors' conclusion
COVID-19 survivors with long COVID have lower 25(OH) vitamin D levels than matched patients without long COVID. Our data suggest that vitamin D levels should be evaluated in COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. The role of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive strategy of COVID-19 sequelae should be tested in randomized controlled trials.
Study context
- Population
- COVID-19 survivors 6 months after hospitalization, outpatient post-COVID cohort seen August–November 2020; excluded therapies/comorbidities affecting calcium/vitamin D/bone metabolism and ICU admissionmatched 1:1
- Participants
- 50 vs 50
- Comparison
- Long COVID vs non-long-COVID
- Long COVIDn = 50
- Non-long-COVIDn = 50reference
- Outcome
- 25(OH) vitamin D levels and association with long COVID
- Follow-up
- 6 months after discharge
Methodological detailssingle outpatient post-COVID cohort
- Single outpatient post-COVID cohort
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
25(OH) vitamin D levels · follow-up
P = 0.03
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | Values | P value |
|---|---|---|
| 25(OH) vitamin D by neurocognitive symptoms (entire cohort) · follow-upNeurocognitive symptoms vs No neurocognitive symptoms | Neurocognitive symptoms (n = 7) 14.6 ng/mL · No neurocognitive symptoms (n = 93) 20.6 ng/mL | P = 0.042 |
| 25(OH) vitamin D in patients with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) at admission and follow-up (n = 42) | Long COVID (n = 22) 12.7 ng/mL · Non-long-COVID (n = 20) 15.2 ng/mL | P = 0.041 |
Lower 25(OH) vitamin D at follow-up and long COVID (multiple regression)
- OR
- 1.09 (CI 1.01-1.16), P = .008
- Only variable significantly associated with long COVID
Original publication
Low Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Long COVID Syndrome in COVID-19 Survivors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 13 April 2023. doi:10.
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