Longitudinal Study of Plasma Metabolites During Menopause and Their Associations With Later Onset of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors' conclusion
Longitudinal changes in charged metabolites occur across the menopausal transition, with specific metabolites such as glutamate possibly contributing to the metabolic alterations underlying increased MetS risk.
Study context
- Population
- Premenopausal women from the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study with ≥1 follow-up survey; aged 43.8 ± 5.4 years695 without metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline
- Participants
- 953 women
- Exposure
- Plasma metabolites across the menopause transition and their association with later MetS
- Outcome
- Development of MetS in women without MetS at baseline, by menopause-related metabolites
- Follow-up
- 5.0 ± 1.1 years
Methodological detailslongitudinal, metabolomics (capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry), mixed-effects models, logistic regression adjusted for follow-up duration
- Longitudinal
- Metabolomics (capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry)
- Mixed-effects models
- Logistic regression adjusted for follow-up duration
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Metabolites changing with menopause; MetS development
Reached menopause during follow-up
316
33.2%
Metabolites changed significantly with menopause (esp. BCAA metabolism, urea cycle, homocysteine metabolism)
18
Developed MetS among women without MetS at baseline
65
9.4%
Glutamate associated with higher MetS risk, OR
1.95 (1.49-2.57) (95% CI)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
- Higher glutamate, valine, leucine and cystine significantly associated with development of hyperglycemia
Original publication
Longitudinal Study of Plasma Metabolites During Menopause and Their Associations With Later Onset of Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 13 December 2025. doi:10.
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