Longitudinal Changes in Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) and Risk of Incident Diabetes: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Authors' conclusion
Increasing levels of SHBG over the menopause transition were associated with a decreased risk of incident diabetes. Stable to increasing rates of change in SHBG were also independently associated with a decreased risk of diabetes compared with decreasing rates of change, suggesting SHBG may affect glucose through a mechanism beyond androgenicity.
Study context
- Population
- Premenopausal or early perimenopausal women, diabetes-free at baseline, in SWAN; SHBG, T and E2 measured at up to 13 follow-up visits (over up to 17 years)
- Participants
- 2,952 participants
- Exposure
- Longitudinal changes in SHBG and T over the menopause transition and diabetes risk
- Outcome
- Incident diabetes
- Follow-up
- Up to 17 years
Methodological detailslongitudinal, complementary log-log-based discrete-time survival models
- Longitudinal
- Complementary log-log-based discrete-time survival models
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
5-unit increase in time-varying SHBG10% reduced risk; adjusted for covariates and baseline SHBG, T and E2
0.91(0.87–0.95)
Q2vs Q1adjusted for covariates, baseline SHBG and rate of change of T and E2
0.33(0.23–0.48)
Q3vs Q1adjusted for covariates, baseline SHBG and rate of change of T and E2
0.37(0.25–0.55)
Q4vs Q1adjusted for covariates, baseline SHBG and rate of change of T and E2
0.43(0.30–0.63)
- Women who developed diabetes
- 376
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Longitudinal Changes in Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) and Risk of Incident Diabetes: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Diabetes Care. Published 6 February 2024. doi:10.
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