Long-term Effect of C-Peptide Level on Clinical Outcomes in the Scottish Type 1 Bioresource Cohort
Authors' conclusion
These data demonstrate the importance of C-peptide level and its maintenance for glycemic control and avoidance of acute and chronic complications of T1D.
Study context
- Population
- People with clinical diagnosis of T1D aged ≥16 years at enrollment (SDRNT1BIO); median diabetes duration 21 (IQR 11–31) years
- Participants
- 5,630 people
- Exposure
- Baseline C-peptide level vs T1D complications
- Outcome
- Associations of baseline C-peptide with T1D complications
- Follow-up
- Median 10.8 years
Methodological detailselectronic health record linkage, Poisson generalized linear models and linear mixed models
- Electronic health record linkage
- Poisson generalized linear models and linear mixed models
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Inverse association between baseline C-peptide and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (1,015 events)
- P < 0.0001
- Inverse association between baseline C-peptide and severe hospitalized hypoglycemia (539 events)
- P = 0.0055
- Inverse association between baseline C-peptide and incident retinopathy (1,172 events)
- P < 0.0001
- No association between baseline C-peptide and CVD (714 events)
- P = 0.9
- No association between baseline C-peptide and death (566 events)
- P = 0.8
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Follow-up C-peptide in subset with serial measures (n = 407)
- Follow-up C-peptide inversely associated with risk for DKA (92 events)
- P < 0.001
- Borderline association of follow-up C-peptide with severe hospitalized hypoglycemia (28 events)
- P = 0.015
Original publication
Long-term Effect of C-Peptide Level on Clinical Outcomes in the Scottish Type 1 Bioresource Cohort. Diabetes Care. Published 11 June 2026. doi:10.
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