Gestational diabetes & diabetes in pregnancy
Long-term adverse multi-system health outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: an analysis of real-world cohort data
Authors' conclusion
Women with GDM are at risk of a myriad of long-term adverse health outcomes meriting targeted early intervention and long-term post-partum monitoring.
Study context
- Population
- Women ≥18 years who had a birth, TriNetX; PSM for age, BMI and cohort-specific risk factors4 matched cohorts
- Exposure
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) vs reference
- Outcome
- Incident metabolic, cancer, autoimmune and gynaecological clinical outcomes
- Follow-up
- 5 years
Methodological detailsreal-world data (TriNetX), propensity-score matched 1:1, four cohorts
- Real-world data (TriNetX)
- Propensity-score matched 1:1
- Four cohorts
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
5-year incident clinical outcomes
- T2D (metabolic cohort, n = 72,014)
- HR 18.42; P < 0.0001
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- HR 2.47; P < 0.0001
- Obesity
- HR 1.89; P < 0.0001
- Sleep apnoea
- HR 1.83; P < 0.0001
- Thyroid cancer (cancer cohort, n = 88,131)
- HR 1.34; P = 0.036
- T1D (autoimmune cohort, n = 96,110)
- HR 12.32; P < 0.001
- Graves' disease
- HR 1.57; P = <0.0001
- Psoriasis
- HR 1.25; P = 0.007
- PCOS (gynaecological cohort, n = 94,945)
- HR 1.97; P < 0.0001
- Uterine fibroids
- HR 1.29; P < 0.0001
- Endometriosis
- HR 1.16; P = 0.018
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
- Significantly increased risk of the composite 13 adiposity-related cancers at 10 years
- HR 1.18, p = 0.008
Original publication
Long-term adverse multi-system health outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: an analysis of real-world cohort data. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 21 February 2026. doi:10.
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