Interplay between chronic widespread pain and lifestyle factors on the risk of type 2 diabetes: longitudinal data from the Norwegian HUNT Study
Authors' conclusion
These findings show no clear interaction between CWP and adverse lifestyle factors on the risk of diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- Adults without diabetes at baseline (2006–2008), Norwegian HUNT Study
- Participants
- 25,528 adults
- Exposure
- Chronic widespread pain (CWP) and adverse lifestyle factors (body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m², physical activity <2 hours/week, insomnia symptoms) vs no chronic pain and no adverse lifestyle factors
- Outcome
- Diabetes at follow-up; synergistic effect between CWP and adverse lifestyle factors (RERI)
- Follow-up
- (2017-2019)
Methodological detailslongitudinal, HUNT Study
- Longitudinal
- HUNT Study
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Each group vs no chronic pain, no adverse lifestyle factorsAdjusted relative risk (95% CI)
BMI ≥30 kg/m² with CWP
10.85(7.83–15.05)
BMI ≥30 kg/m² without CWP
8.87(6.49–12.12)
Physical activity <2 hours/week with CWP
2.26(1.78–2.88)
Physical activity <2 hours/week without CWP
1.54(1.24–1.93)
Insomnia symptoms with CWP
1.31(1.07–1.60)
Insomnia symptoms without CWP
1.27(1.04–1.56)
- RERI, CWP × BMI ≥30 kg/m²
- 1.66 (95% CI −0.44 to 3.76)
- RERI, CWP × low physical activity
- 0.37 (95% CI −0.29 to 1.03)
- RERI, CWP × insomnia symptoms
- −0.09 (95% CI −0.51 to 0.34)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Original publication
Interplay between chronic widespread pain and lifestyle factors on the risk of type 2 diabetes: longitudinal data from the Norwegian HUNT Study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. Published 22 September 2023. doi:10.
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