Inflammatory markers and blood glucose are higher after morning vs afternoon exercise in type 2 diabetes
Authors' conclusion
In type 2 diabetes, afternoon high-intensity interval exercise appears to be more effective than morning high-intensity interval exercise for maintaining glucose management. Further research is needed to explore how elevated morning cortisol levels and inflammatory markers influence the exercise response and affect glucose regulation. Additionally, consistent meal timing and controlled energy intake are recommended for reducing the mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions.
Study context
- Population
- 12 men and 12 women with T2D and 12 men and 12 women without diabetes; standardised meals; CGMcrossover
- Comparison
- Morning vs afternoon high-intensity interval exercise
- Primary endpoint
- 24 h glucose levels
Primary result
As reported in the abstract
- 24 h glucose profile did not differ between morning and afternoon exercise across cohorts
Further findings
Blood glucose during 2 h post-exercise period (T2D)
- Morning exercise increased blood glucose in men with T2D
- P < 0.05
- Morning exercise increased blood glucose in women with T2D
- P < 0.01
- Blood glucose unaltered following afternoon exercise
Glycaemic variability (mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions) during 3 day meal intervention
- Reduced in men with T2D
- P < 0.001
- Reduced in women with T2D
- P < 0.05
- Not reduced in individuals without diabetes
Cortisol
- Higher morning vs afternoon cortisol, independently of diagnosis
- P < 0.001
C-reactive protein and NT-proBNP (T2D)
- Higher C-reactive protein in the morning than afternoon in T2D
- P < 0.001
- Higher NT-proBNP in the morning than afternoon in T2D
- P < 0.001
Original publication
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