Comparative Effects of Different Exercise Modalities on Circulating Adipokines and Inflammatory Cytokines in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors' conclusion
AE and RT demonstrated different association patterns with adipokine- and inflammation-related outcomes in adults with T2DM. AE was more consistently associated with favourable adipokine-related changes, whereas RT showed comparatively larger associations with some inflammation-related outcomes.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T2DM in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of structured exercise training interventions
- Participants
- 2,741 adults60 RCTs
- Comparison
- Exercise modalities vs non-exercise controls
- Outcome
- Circulating adipokines and inflammatory cytokines
Methodological detailssecondary Bayesian cluster analyses, Databases searched from inception to 22 September 2025
- Secondary Bayesian cluster analyses
- Databases searched from inception to 22 September 2025
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Each group vs CONEstimateP value
Exercise interventionsprediction interval [−2.38, 1.17], I 2 = 27%
Hedges' g (visfatin) −0.60(95% CI −1.25 to 0.04)
P = 0.04AE
MD (leptin) −2.53(95% CrI −4.08 to −0.82)
AE
MD (TNF-α) −1.78(95% CrI −2.50 to −1.09)
AEIL-6 network showed local inconsistency
MD (IL-6) −1.54(95% CrI −2.82 to −0.46)
HIIT
MD (TNF-α) −2.04(95% CrI −3.62 to −0.50)
Further pooled results
| Outcome | Estimate | |
|---|---|---|
| RT in younger adults (<60 years) and overweight individualsRTvs CONSecondary Bayesian and subgroup analyses | MD (TNF-α) −2.23 (95% CrI −4.08 to −0.45) | |
| RT in younger adults (<60 years) and overweight individualsRTvs CONSecondary Bayesian and subgroup analyses | MD (IL-6) −10.71 (95% CrI −17.14 to −4.48) | |
| RT in older adults (≥60 years): IL-6RTvs CON | MD (IL-6) −15.94 (95% CrI −25.85 to −6.26) | |
| AE in individuals with obesityAEvs CON | MD (TNF-α) −1.92 (95% CrI −2.70 to −1.00) | |
| AE in individuals with obesityAEvs CON | MD (IL-6) −1.63 (95% CrI −3.34 to −0.37) | |
| −40−20020Difference (linear scale) |
Training characteristics
- Higher aerobic exercise (AE) training frequency and greater IL-6 reduction (β)
- −0.44, p < 0.05
- AE sessions 45-59 min and durations ≤ 8 weeks: adiponectin (g)
- 1.42
- AE sessions 45-59 min and durations ≤ 8 weeks: leptin (g)
- −1.36
- Resistance training (RT) sessions < 60 min and weekly volumes > 150 min: TNF-α (g)
- −0.97
Original publication
Comparative Effects of Different Exercise Modalities on Circulating Adipokines and Inflammatory Cytokines in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta‐Analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 24 April 2026. doi:10.
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