Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on the risk of age‐related ocular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A target trial emulation study
Authors' conclusion
These findings suggest that SGLT2i may offer retinal protective effects in older adults with T2DM, supporting further mechanistic and prospective clinical studies.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged ≥60 with T2D, TriNetX global health research network (2013–2025)
- Participants
- 12,156 matched patients
- Exposure
- SGLT2i vs DPP-4i initiation
- Outcome
- Incident non-exudative, exudative and atrophic AMD
Methodological detailstarget trial emulation, propensity-matched 1:1, TriNetX global health research network
- Target trial emulation
- Propensity-matched 1:1
- TriNetX global health research network
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Non-exudative, exudative and atrophic AMD
SGLT2i vs DPP4iHazard ratio (95% CI)
Non-exudative AMD
0.64(0.49–0.84)
Exudative AMD
0.56(0.33–0.96)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| CataractSlight increase in risk | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | |
| 0.512Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Ocular hypertension and glaucoma
- No significant differences for ocular hypertension or glaucoma
Original publication
Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on the risk of age‐related ocular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A target trial emulation study. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 11 September 2025. doi:10.
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