Association of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists with the risk of Parkinson’s disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A propensity score–matched cohort study with meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
SGLT2i use was associated with a significantly lower risk of PD compared with both DPP4i and GLP-1RA use in patients with T2D.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged ≥ 50 years with T2D initiating SGLT2i, GLP-1 RA or DPP-4i between 2015 and 2022, TriNetX U.S. Research Networkthree matched comparisons
- Comparison
- SGLT2i vs DPP-4i, GLP-1 RA vs DPP-4i, and SGLT2i vs GLP-1 RA
- Outcome
- Incident Parkinson's disease (PD)
Methodological detailsreal-world, TriNetX U.S. Research Network, landmark analysis, new-user, active-comparator design, propensity score matching
- Real-world
- TriNetX U.S. Research Network
- Landmark analysis
- New-user, active-comparator design
- Propensity score matching
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Incident PD
Hazard ratio (95 % CI)P value
SGLT2ivs DPP4in = 93,872 in comparison
0.80(0.69–0.93)
P = 0.003SGLT2ivs GLP-1RAn = 95,838 in comparison
0.80(0.69–0.93)
P = 0.003GLP-1RAvs DPP4in = 110,366 in comparison; no significant difference
0.97(0.85–1.10)
P = 0.656Further pooled results
Meta-analysis incorporating additional real-world studies
- Meta-analysis further supported the reduced Parkinson's disease (PD) risk associated with SGLT2i use
Original publication
Association of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists with the risk of Parkinson’s disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: A propensity score–matched cohort study with meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 19 September 2025. doi:10.
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