Glycemic Outcomes with an Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery System in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A 1-Year Real-World Observational Study
Authors' conclusion
AAPS demonstrated sustained long-term effectiveness and safety in adults with T1D under real-world clinical practice conditions.
Study context
- Population
- Adults with T1D initiating AAPS; mean age 39 ± 9.6 years; 55.6% women; diabetes duration 21.5 ± 11.3 years
- Participants
- 27 adults
- Exposure
- AAPS: baseline vs 6 and 12 months
- AAPSn = 27
- Outcome
- Changes in TIR (70-180 mg/dL) and HbA1c
- Follow-up
- 12 months
Methodological detailssingle-center, real-world observational
- Single-center
- Real-world observational
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
baseline, 6 and 12 months
- Time in range (TIR) at baseline
- 67.8%
- TIR at 6 months
- 84.1%
- TIR at 12 months (P < 0.001)
- 79.9%
- HbA1c at baseline
- 6.6%
- HbA1c at 6 months
- 6.1%
- HbA1c at 12 months
- 6.0%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
Time in tight range (TITR) (70-140 mg/dL) improvement · 6 and 12 months
- TITR improvement at 6 months
- 14.8%
- TITR improvement at 12 months
- 10.6%
Glycemic risk index (GRI)
- GRI decreased from
- 40.2
- GRI decreased to
- 21.3
Target achievement · 6 and 12 months
- Achieved TIR > 70% and coefficient of variation (CV) < 36% at both follow-ups
- Over 88%
- Achieved TITR > 50% at 6 months
- up to 74%
- Achieved TITR > 50% at 12 months
- 63%
Safety
- Episodes of severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
- 0
Original publication
Glycemic Outcomes with an Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery System in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A 1-Year Real-World Observational Study. Diabetes Technol Ther. Published 21 January 2026. doi:10.
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