Global prevalence and correlates of diabetes distress in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
DD is highly prevalent in T1D and is associated with adverse clinical, behavioral, and psychological outcomes
Study context
- Population
- Children, adolescents and adults with T1D; observational studies reporting diabetes distress (DD) prevalence or correlates (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, inception to April 2026)72 studies
- Outcome
- Prevalence of elevated diabetes distress (DD)
Methodological detailsrandom-effects meta-analysis, subgroup analyses, mixed-effects meta-regression, Risk of bias assessed using JBI tools, Heterogeneity assessed using I2 statistics
- Random-effects meta-analysis
- Subgroup analyses
- Mixed-effects meta-regression
- Risk of bias assessed using JBI tools
- Heterogeneity assessed using I2 statistics
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Pooled prevalence of elevated DD
Pooled prevalence of elevated DD
38.9%
95% CI 33.6–44.5
Further pooled results
Correlates of DD
- Correlation with HbA1c
- r = 0.24
- Correlation with anxiety
- r = 0.42
- Correlation with depressive symptoms
- r = 0.60
- Correlation with fear of hypoglycemia
- r = 0.60
- Correlation with self-efficacy
- r = - 0.58
- Correlation with quality of life
- r = - 0.35
- Correlation with self-management behaviors
- r = - 0.30
Diabetes technology use
- Evidence on diabetes technology use was limited and heterogenous
Original publication
Global prevalence and correlates of diabetes distress in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 22 July 2026. doi:10.
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