Ethnic differences in the prevalence and factors associated with prediabetes and diabetes among tested adults in Australian primary care (2014–2024)
Authors' conclusion
Ethnic differences in prediabetes and diabetes were evident among adults tested in Australian primary care. South-East Asian, Southern and Central Asian, and MENA populations had higher adjusted odds of dysglycaemia, while Pacific Peoples and Indigenous Australians also experienced a high crude disease burden. Older age, male sex, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia were important associated factors. These findings support culturally responsive, risk-based approaches to diabetes screening and prevention across Australia’s diverse populations.
Study context
- Population
- Adults (aged ≥18 years) with at least one valid glycemic test (fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, or 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test), attending primary care practices contributing data to the General Practitioner Research Network across Australia, 2014–2024adults with at least one valid glycemic test
- Participants
- 60,887 adults
- Exposure
- Ethnic groups compared with Europeans
- Outcome
- Biochemically confirmed prediabetes and diabetes prevalence, as defined by the American Diabetes Association criteria
Methodological detailsmultilevel logistic regression
- Multilevel logistic regression
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Prediabetes prevalence
19.6%
95% CI 19.3% to 19.9%
Diabetes prevalence
7.8%
95% CI 7.6% to 8.0%
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | AOR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PrediabetesSouth-East Asiansvs EuropeansAdjusted odds | 1.62 (1.24–2.10) | P < 0.001 | |
| PrediabetesSouth & Central Asiansvs EuropeansAdjusted odds | 1.58 (1.12–2.20) | P = 0.008 | |
| DiabetesMiddle East and North Africa (MENA)vs EuropeansAdjusted odds | 3.16 (1.94–5.05) | P < 0.001 | |
| DiabetesSouth-East Asiansvs EuropeansAdjusted odds | 2.19 (1.55–3.07) | P < 0.001 | |
| DiabetesSouth & Central Asiansvs EuropeansAdjusted odds | 3.04 (2.04–4.48) | P < 0.001 | |
| 0.20.5125Adjusted odds ratio (log scale) |
Factors associated with prediabetes and diabetes
- Among Europeans, risky alcohol consumption associated with higher odds of diabetes (AOR)
- 3.38
- Among Europeans, physical inactivity associated with higher odds of diabetes (AOR)
- 5.58
- Older age, male sex, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were associated with higher odds of both conditions in most ethnic groups
- Female sex and high HDL cholesterol were associated with lower odds
Original publication
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