Estimated pulse wave velocity and incident chronic kidney disease: evidence from a prospective cohort and meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
Higher ePWV was independently associated with increased risk of incident CKD. These findings suggest that ePWV may serve as a valuable tool for early CKD risk stratification in clinical practice.
Study context
- Population
- Participants aged ≥45 years without baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD); Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) calculated from age and mean arterial pressure
- Participants
- 3,240 participants
- Comparison
- ePWV tertiles: medium and higher vs lower
- Outcome
- Incident CKD: physician-diagnosed CKD or cystatin C-based eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m²
- Follow-up
- Median 9.0 years
Methodological detailsmeta-analysis of 18 studies
- Meta-analysis of 18 studies
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
Incident CKD
Each group vs lower ePWVHazard ratio (95 % CI)
Medium ePWV
1.26(0.96–1.66)
Higher ePWV
1.53(1.07–2.17)
- Developed CKD (overall)
- 494 participants (15.2 %)
- Per SD increase in ePWV: 42 % higher risk, HR
- 1.42 (95 % CI, 1.23-1.63)
Further pooled results
Meta-analysis: ePWV and incident CKD
- Pooled HR
- 1.58 (95 % CI, 1.36-1.83)
- Evidence of a nonlinear dose-response relationship
- 18 studies, 209,970 participants
Original publication
Estimated pulse wave velocity and incident chronic kidney disease: evidence from a prospective cohort and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Published 9 September 2025. doi:10.
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