Effects of exercise interventions on 24‐h continuous glucose profiles in non‐diabetic populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors' conclusion
Acute exercise produced minor, parameter-specific improvements in certain CGM metrics (MBG, MAGE, MAX, TIR, and 4-6-h iAUC). These modest changes indicate subtle physiological adaptations. Larger, longer, and better-controlled trials are needed to determine their clinical relevance.
Study context
- Population
- Non-diabetic populations23 studies (18 RCTs, 5 non-RCTs)
- Participants
- 408 participants
- Comparison
- Exercise vs non-exercise or usual activity controls
- Outcome
- 24-h continuous glucose profiles: MBG, MAGE, MAX, 4-6-h iAUC and TIR
Methodological detailsPRISMA, subgroup analyses, Risk of bias assessed with RoB2 and ROBINS-I V2, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI searched up to August 25, 2025
- PRISMA
- Subgroup analyses
- Risk of bias assessed with RoB2 and ROBINS-I V2
- PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI searched up to August 25, 2025
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
24-h continuous glucose profiles
- Exercise
- WMD, mean blood glucose (MBG) −0.17 mmol/L
- Exercise
- WMD, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) −0.27 mmol/L
- Exercise
- WMD, MAX (peak blood glucose) −0.63 mmol/L
- Exercise
- SMD, 4-6-h iAUC −0.60
- Exercise
- WMD, time in range (TIR) 6.22 %
Further pooled results
Subgroup analyses
- Age influenced MBG; population and exercise type affected MAGE
Risk of bias
- RCTs at low risk
- 38.9%
- RCTs with some concerns
- 61.1%
- Non-RCTs at moderate risk
- all
Original publication
Effects of exercise interventions on 24‐h continuous glucose profiles in non‐diabetic populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 19 December 2025. doi:10.
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