The Effectiveness of Diabetes Prevention Programs Delivered in Primary Care for Individuals With Prediabetes or at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors' conclusion
This review found no significant differences in diabetes incidence or other key indicators of T2DM, with certainty of evidence varying from moderate to low. Future studies should test integrated screening, referral, and social support strategies in routine care for high-risk groups.
Study context
- Population
- Patients with prediabetes or high diabetes risk scores, interventions delivered in primary care; Medline and Embase to 28 March 202414 studies
- Comparison
- Lifestyle-based diabetes prevention programs delivered in primary care vs comparator
- Outcome
- Diabetes incidence
Methodological detailsinverse variance methods, leave-one-out cross-validation, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) identified one study driving heterogeneity in several outcomes
- Inverse variance methods
- Leave-one-out cross-validation
- LOOCV identified one study driving heterogeneity in several outcomes
Pooled result
As reported in the abstract
No significant effect on diabetes incidence
0.82; 0.65-1.02
relative risk; 95% CI
Further pooled results
HbA1c
- No significant effect; pooled MD
- −0.41; −0.94 to 0.12 (95% CI)
Waist circumference
- No significant effect; pooled MD
- −1.13; −2.40 to 0.13 (95% CI)
Fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, body weight, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure
- No significant effects
Original publication
The Effectiveness of Diabetes Prevention Programs Delivered in Primary Care for Individuals With Prediabetes or at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. Published 24 April 2026. doi:10.
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