Early-Life Factors Associated With Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Swedish Nationwide Cohort and Family-Based Study
Authors' conclusion
Perinatal factors seem to play a minor role in the development of adult-onset T1D compared with childhood-onset T1D, suggesting that triggers or accelerators of autoimmunity occurring later in life are more significant.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals aged ≥18 years born in Sweden 1983 to 2002, followed until 2020; national registers3,283 T1D cases
- Participants
- 1,813,415 individuals
- Exposure
- Early-life factors and adult-onset T1D
- Outcome
- Adult-onset T1D
- Follow-up
- Followed until 2020
Methodological detailssibling comparison, Cox proportional hazard regression with mutual adjustment
- Sibling comparison
- Cox proportional hazard regression with mutual adjustment
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
- Incidence rate of adult-onset T1D
- 18.8 per 100,000 person-years
- Year of birth, per five additional years: HR [95% CI]
- 1.06 [1.01-1.10]
- Maternal history of T1D: HR [95% CI]
- 4.10 [3.09-5.43]
- Paternal history of T1D: HR [95% CI]
- 6.24 [5.10-7.64]
- Female sex: HR [95% CI]
- 0.69 [0.64-0.74]
- Non-full-term birth (<39 vs ≥39 weeks), the only perinatal exposure associated (higher incidence): HR [95% CI]
- 1.12 [1.04-1.22]
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
- Sibling cohort results consistent with the full cohort analysis
Original publication
Early-Life Factors Associated With Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Swedish Nationwide Cohort and Family-Based Study. Diabetes Care. Published 24 July 2024. doi:10.
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