Disparities in Outcomes and Health Care Utilization for Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 6-Year National Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors' conclusion
In this national retrospective cohort study, patients with T2DM and DKA had higher mortality rates, longer LOS, and higher health care costs than those with T1DM. These findings highlight critical disparities that may guide future interventions to improve DKA outcomes in patients with T2DM.
Study context
- Population
- Patients admitted for acute care with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 2016–2021 National Inpatient Sample Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database
- Participants
- 1,244,184 patients
- Exposure
- T2D vs T1D in patients hospitalized with DKA
- T1DMn = 770,109reference
- T2DMn = 474,075
- Outcome
- Mortality, assessed using multiple logistic regression
Methodological detailsnational, multiple imputation, Bonferroni correction
- National
- Multiple imputation
- Bonferroni correction
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Mortality
P < 0.001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Secondary outcomes
LOS · longer with T2DM
P < 0.001
| Outcome | T1DM | T2DM | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital chargesHigher with T2DM | $7811.98 | $10 146.78 | P < 0.001 |
Demographic and hospital characteristics
- Significant disparities in demographic and hospital characteristics, including median household income, insurance type and hospital region
Original publication
Disparities in Outcomes and Health Care Utilization for Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 6-Year National Retrospective Cohort Study. Endocr Pract. Published 16 April 2025. doi:10.
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