Diabetes, Celiac, and Thyroid‐Related Autoantibodies in Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Genotyped Ethiopian Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors' conclusion
The HLA risk profile typical of sub-Saharan African population was observed in Ethiopians with T1D. Furthermore, they have a notably high prevalence of autoantibodies associated with T1D, CD, and AITD, which differs from earlier reports from the region but aligns with patterns observed in Caucasians.
Study context
- Population
- Ethiopian children and adolescents with T1D, Adama, Asella and Bishoftu Hospitals, Ethiopia; HLA-genotyped
- Participants
- 206 vs 200
- Exposure
- Children and adolescents with T1D vs controls
- T1Dn = 206
- Controlsn = 200reference
- Outcome
- Occurrence of autoantibodies related to T1D, celiac disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), with HLA genotype
Methodological detailsage-matched controls, Autoantibodies measured by antibody detection by agglutination PCR (ADAP) assays
- Age-matched controls
- Autoantibodies measured by antibody detection by agglutination PCR (ADAP) assays
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Any islet autoantibodies
P < 0.0001
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Antibody positivity: GADA, IA-2A, ZnT8A, tTGA, TPOA T1D GADA 69% · Controls GADA 2% · P < 0.0001
IA-2A
ZnT8A
tTGA
TPOA
HLA haplotypes increased in T1D
- HLA-(DR3)-DQA1*05-DQB1*02 (most common in T1D), 36.4%
- OR = 5.0; p < 0.000001
- HLA-DRB1*0405-DQA1*03-DQB1*02, 19.3%
- OR = 10.8; p < 0.000001
- HLA-DRB1*0405-DQA1*03-DQB1*0302, 9.2%
- OR = 3.1; p=0.001
- HLA-DRB1*0401-DQA1*03-DQB1*0302, 3.2%
- OR = 20.0; p=0.002
Protective HLA haplotypes
- DR15-DQB1*0602, DR13-DQB1*0603, DR1/10-DQB1*0501, DR13-DQB1*0604, DRB1*0404-DQA1*03-DQB1*04, DR7-DQA1*0201-DQB1*02, DR11/12/13-DQA1*05-DQB1*0301, DRB1*0403-DQA1*03-DQB1*0302 most protective; ORs ranging
- 0.05 to 0.5
IA-2A and tissue transglutaminase (tTGA) by DR4-DQ8 or DR3-DQ2 haplotype
- Higher prevalence of IA-2A and tTGA in DR4-DQ8 or DR3-DQ2 carriers
- P ≤ 0.05
Original publication
Diabetes, Celiac, and Thyroid‐Related Autoantibodies in HLA Genotyped Ethiopian Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross‐Sectional Study. Pediatr Diabetes. Published 17 August 2025. doi:10.
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