Dementia Risk in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population‐Based Comparison
Authors' conclusion
Diabetes was associated with a higher risk of dementia, particularly among individuals with T1DM and insulin-treated T2DM, suggesting that insulin-requiring diabetes represents a high-risk phenotype for cognitive decline. Proactive cognitive screening and optimised glycemic management, including strategies to reduce glycemic variability such as continuous glucose monitoring, may help mitigate dementia risk in these vulnerable populations.
Study context
- Population
- Adults aged ≥40 years without prior dementia, Korean National Health Insurance Service (2013–2024)
- Participants
- 1,322,651 adults
- Exposure
- T2D with oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), T2D with insulin, and T1D vs non-diabetic
- Outcome
- Incident all-cause dementia (ICD-10 codes and anti-dementia prescriptions)
Methodological detailspopulation-based, nationwide
- Population-based
- Nationwide
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
All-cause dementia
Each group vs non-diabeticAdjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)
T2DM with OHA
1.29(1.26–1.32)
T2DM with insulin
2.14(2.00–2.28)
T1DM
2.35(2.12–2.59)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
- Similar trends were observed for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD)
Original publication
Dementia Risk in Type 1 and 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population‐Based Comparison. Diabetes Obes Metab. Published 19 March 2026. doi:10.
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