Dementia Risk in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors: A Nationwide, Register-Based Cohort Study
Main finding · All-cause dementiaResult — go to the resultHazard ratio 2.02 95% CI 1.83–2.23Authors' conclusion
The risk of all-cause dementia and dementia subtypes is higher in individuals with type 1 diabetes compared with matched control individuals.
Study context
- Population
- Individuals with T1D and matched controls, Sweden; mean baseline age 33.0 [14.0] yearsmatched cohort
- Participants
- 43,440 vs 217,109
- Exposure
- T1D vs matched controls
- T1Dn = 43,440
- Controln = 217,109reference
- Outcome
- All-cause dementia and dementia subtypes (Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, non-Alzheimer-nonvascular dementia)
- Follow-up
- Median 14.3 (7.9-20.0) years
Methodological detailsage-, sex- and county-matched controls
- Age-, sex- and county-matched controls
Main finding
All-cause dementia · median follow-up 14.3 years
Hazard ratio
2.02
95% CI 1.83–2.23
Events by group
T1Dvs Control
HR 2.02 (95% CI 1.83–2.23)
As reported in the abstract
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Dementia subtypesT1Dvs ControlAlzheimer disease | 1.38 (1.13–1.69) | |
| Dementia subtypesT1Dvs ControlVascular dementia | 3.73 (3.07–4.52) | |
| Dementia subtypesT1Dvs Controlnon-Alzheimer-nonvascular dementia | 1.87 (1.63–2.15) | |
| 0.20.5125Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Risk factors for dementia in T1D
- Beyond age: lower education, being single, higher systolic BP, higher HbA1c, history of stroke or TIA, history of CVD, longer diabetes duration
Original publication
Dementia Risk in People With Type 1 Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors: A Nationwide, Register-Based Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. Published 19 September 2025. doi:10.
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