SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination and the risk for new-onset type 1 diabetes: a register-based population study in Sweden
Authors' conclusion
Short-term elevations in incident type 1 diabetes diagnoses were observed in the first 30 days after infection and after first vaccination, and did not persist, supporting detection/diagnostic acceleration rather than a sustained causal effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination on type 1 diabetes.
Study context
- Population
- All Swedish residents aged <80 years on 1 January 2020 and births during follow-up (1 January 2020–31 December 2023)
- Participants
- 2,650,492 vs 6,870,328
- Exposure
- SARS-CoV-2 infection vs no exposure
- Childrenn = 2,650,492
- Adultsn = 6,870,328
- Outcome
- Incident T1D (earliest ICD-10 E10 in National Diabetes Register or National Patient Register) after SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Follow-up
- Within 2 years
Methodological detailstime-varying exposures, Cox regression with calendar time as timescale, stratified by age
- Time-varying exposures
- Cox regression with calendar time as timescale
- Stratified by age
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Incident T1D after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Children
3813
events
Adults
4453
events
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Infection (children)vs No infection (children)
1.22(1.10–1.36)
Infection (adults)vs No infection (adults)
1.10(1.00–1.20)
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
| Outcome | HR | |
|---|---|---|
| Incident T1D 0-30 days after infectionInfection (children)vs No infection (children) | 5.41 (95% CI 4.34–6.74) | |
| Incident T1D 0-30 days after infectionInfection (adults)vs No infection (adults) | 3.33 (95% CI 2.69–4.12) | |
| Incident T1D after vaccination, children · within 2 yearsVaccination (children)vs No vaccination (children) | 0.77 (CI 0.67–0.88) | |
| Incident T1D after vaccination, children · within 2 yearsVaccination (ages 12-17)vs No vaccination (ages 12-17)Sensitivity analysis | 1.00 (CI 0.80–1.26) | |
| Incident T1D 0-30 days after vaccine dose 1, adultsVaccination dose 1 (adults)vs No vaccination (adults) | 1.32 (CI 1.07–1.62) | |
| 0.10.31310Hazard ratio (log scale) |
Effect modification of infection-associated risk by vaccination
- Vaccination did not modify infection-associated risk
- interaction p>0.5
Incident T1D 0-30 days after vaccine dose 1, adults
- No excess risk in later windows or doses
Original publication
SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination and the risk for new-onset type 1 diabetes: a register-based population study in Sweden. Diabetologia. Published 6 June 2026. doi:10.
Composed by AI from the published abstract and checked against it. How Briefs are made →