Lipids & metabolic liver disease
Cystatin C Is a Predictor for Long-Term, All-Cause, and Cardiovascular Mortality in US Adults With Metabolic Syndrome
Authors' conclusion
MetS patients with elevated CysC levels have a higher risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer death. CysC may predict MetS all-cause and CVD mortality.
Study context
- Population
- US adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002819 deaths
- Participants
- 1,980 adults
- Exposure
- Higher vs lower cystatin C (CysC) levels
- Outcome
- All-cause, CVD and cancer mortality
- Follow-up
- Mean 15.3 ± 5.4 years
Methodological detailsNHANES 1999-2002
- NHANES 1999-2002
Main finding
As reported in the abstract
Hazard ratio (CI)P value
High CysC Tertilevs Lowest tertileall-cause mortality
1.87(1.43–2.45)
P < 0.05High CysC Tertilevs Lowest tertileCVD mortality
1.97(1.15 ∼ 3.38)
P < 0.05High CysC Tertilevs Lowest tertilecancer mortality
1.72(1.01 ∼ 2.91)
P < 0.05- CysC level · all-cause mortality; adjusted
- 1.63 (CI 1.42–1.88); P < 0.05
- CysC level · cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality; adjusted
- 1.53 (CI 1.19–1.95); P < 0.05
- CysC level · cancer mortality; adjusted
- 1.53 (CI 1 ∼ 2.32); P < 0.05
- Deaths during follow-up
- 819
Observational data: associations, not effects.
Further findings
Subgroups by sex and other characteristics
- Subgroup studies confirmed the findings
Predictive value for mortality (ROC)
- CysC alone, all-cause mortality AUC (P < .05)
- 0.773
- CysC alone, CVD mortality AUC (P < .05)
- 0.726
- CysC + age, all-cause mortality (P < .05)
- 0.861
- CysC + age, CVD mortality (P < .05)
- 0.771
- CysC highest predictive efficacy, followed by eGFR, outperforming urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and C-reactive protein
Original publication
Cystatin C Is a Predictor for Long-Term, All-Cause, and Cardiovascular Mortality in US Adults With Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Published 10 April 2024. doi:10.
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